Conjunctivitis

Overview

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, refers to an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva (the outer-most layer of the eye). In many cases, it is difficult to determine the primary cause. The three most common causes of conjunctivitis are: viral, bacterial, and allergic. Each requires a different treatment. With the exception of the allergic type, conjunctivitis is typically contagious.

Signs and Symptoms

Viral Conjunctivitis

• Watery discharge

• Red eye

• Irritation

• Infection usually begins with one eye, but may spread to the fellow eye

• Often associated with an upper respiratory infection, cold, or sore throat

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

• Stringy discharge that may cause the lids to stick together, especially after sleeping

• Redness

• Swelling of the eye and eyelid

• Tearing

• Irritation and/or gritty feeling

• Usually affects only one eye, but may spread easily to the fellow eye

Allergic Conjunctivitis

• Itching

• Tearing

• Swollen eyelids

• Usually affects both eyes

Treatment

The appropriate treatment depends on the cause of the problem.

For the allergic type, cool compresses and artificial tears sometimes relieve the discomfort in mild cases. In more severe cases, a number of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications are highly effective. Occasionally, a short course of a mild topical steroid may be necessary. If possible, staying away from the offending allergen is helpful.

Bacterial conjunctivitis is usually treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointments.

Like the common cold, there is no cure for viral conjunctivitis; most cases will resolve on their own within 1-3 weeks. Cool compresses and artificial tears can provide some relief. However, if symptoms are severe, a steroid eye drop may be prescribed to reduce the discomfort.

Prevention

If you or somebody in your household has an infectious conjunctivitis, certain precautions should be taken to avoid the spread of the infection.

• Avoid touching the eye or face
• If you touch your eyes or face, wash your hands thoroughly
• Wash any clothing that touches the eye, such as pillow cases and towels
• Don't share towels or washcloths
• Do not reuse handkerchiefs (use a tissue instead and discard immediately)
• It is best to throw away your used make-up, since it may be contaminated
• If you wear contact lenses, it is best to throw them and the contact lens case away
• Avoid shaking hands